Look Again at Map C. Circle the Battles That Were Victories for the Patriots or Their Allies

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The State of war of the Roses was the armed conflict between groups of the English dignity in the years 1455-1485 in the struggle for power between the supporters of the two Dynasty branches Plantagenet – Lancaster, and York. The war ended in the victory of Henry Tudor from the side branch of the Lancaster House, which founded a dynasty that ruled England and Wales for 117 years. The state of war brought considerable destruction and disaster to the people of England. During the conflict, a large number of representatives of the English language feudal aristocracy died.

The Causes of the War

The cause of the war was the dissatisfaction of a large part of English club with setbacks in the Hundred Years' War and the policies pursued past King Henry VI's wife, Queen Margarita (the male monarch himself was a weak-willed homo and became insane). The opposition was led past Duke Richard of York, who beginning demanded regency over the incompetent rex, and later – the English language crown.

A flammable element was numerous professional soldiers who, after the defeat in the war with France, were out of work and, being in big numbers, posed a grave danger to the royal say-so. War was customary for these people, so they willingly engaged in the service of the cracking English language barons, who significantly enlarged their armies at their expense. Thus, their authority and dominance of the male monarch were greatly undermined by the increased military power of the nobles.

Names and Symbols

Name "War of the Roses" was not used during the war. Roses were the distinguishing marks of the 2 warring parties. Who exactly used them for the get-go time is unknown. The term came into use in the 19th century, subsequently the publication of the novel. Although roses were sometimes used as symbols during the war, near participants used symbols associated with their feudal lords or defenders. Testify of the importance of rose symbols rose when King Henry Seven at the terminate of the war combined the red and white rose fractions into a unmarried red and white Tudor Rose. The names of competing factions have little in mutual with the cities of York and Lancaster or the counties of Yorkshire and Lancashire.

Participants in the Conflict

The conflict involved mainly representatives of the English feudal aristocracy with detachments of their servants and supporters, as well equally a small number of foreign mercenaries. Support for the opposing sides was largely determined by dynastic factors. The so-called organization of "bastard feudalism" was i of the master factors that influenced the fall of the authorization and influence of purple power and the escalation of armed disharmonize. Service in exchange for country and gifts remained important, simply information technology was not adamant by feudal tradition.

The sides' armies were represented by numerous feudal detachments of professional person soldiers, besides as detachments of soldiers chosen into service by special purple orders. Warriors from the lower social strata were mainly archers. The number of archers traditionally exceeded the number of soldiers  three:1. Warriors traditionally fought on pes. The cavalry was used simply for reconnaissance and gathering provisions and fodder, as well every bit for transportation. In the battles, the commanders ofttimes dismounted to inspire the troops. Artillery began to appear in big numbers, as well as mitt-held firearms.

Main Events of the War

Confrontations passed into open war in 1455, in the Beginning Battle of St. Albans. The victory was celebrated past York, after which the English language Parliament declared Richard York the protector of the kingdom and the heir of Henry Vi. Nevertheless, in 1460, Richard died at the Boxing of Wakefield. The party of the White Rose was led past his son Edward, and in 1461 crowned in London as Edward IV. In the same twelvemonth, York won victories at Mortimer Cantankerous and at Taunton. As a result of the last boxing, the main forces of the Lancastrians were defeated, and King Henry Half-dozen and Queen Margarita fled the country (the king was shortly caught and imprisoned in the Tower of London).

Active hostilities resumed in 1470, when the Count of Warwick and the Duke of Clarence (the youngest brother of Edward 4), who had joined the Lancastrians, returned Henry 6 to the throne. Edward Iv, with his other brother, the Duke of Gloucester, fled to Burgundy, from where they returned in 1471. The Knuckles of Clarence again turned to his brother's side – and York won at Barnet and Tewkesbury. In the outset of these battles, Earl Warwick was killed; in the 2d, Prince Edward, the only son of Henry Half-dozen, died.

Results of the War

Historians are yet discussing the truthful extent of the disharmonize'south impact on medieval English life. In that location is no dubiousness that the War led to a political upheaval and a alter in the established balance of power. The most obvious result was the collapse of the Plantagenet dynasty, which was replaced by the new Tudor dynasty, which changed England over the post-obit years. In subsequent years, the remnants of the Plantagenet factions, without directly access to the throne, were dispersed.

The accession of the Tudors in 1485 is considered the beginning of the New Time in English language history. On the other paw, it is also assumed that the horrific touch on of the war was exacerbated by Henry 7, in order to extol its' achievements in its' end and to ensure peace. Of class, the issue of war on merchants and peasants was much less than in wars in France and elsewhere in Europe, filled with mercenaries who were directly interested in continuing the state of war. Although there were several long sieges, they were in comparatively remote and sparsely populated areas. In heavily populated areas belonging to both factions, the opponents, in order to preclude the devastation of the territories, were looking for a quick solution to the disharmonize in the form of a general boxing.

The mail-war menses was also the finish for armies that fueled the conflict. Henry Vii, fearing further struggle, kept the lords under strict command, forbidding them to train, hire, arm or supply an army and then that they could non showtime a war with each other, or with the male monarch.

Sources:

• White and scarlet roses // Encyclopaedic dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron
• Chocolate-brown ED. Wars Rose: History. Mythology. Historiography.
• Lander Jack R. Wars Rose
• Norwich D. History of England and Shakespeare'due south Kings

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Source: https://about-history.com/wars-of-the-roses-1455-1487/

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